The implementation of innovative sustainability technologies often requires far reaching changes of the macro
environment in which the innovating firms operate. Strategic management literature describes that firms who
want to commercialize an innovative technology can collaborate in networks or industry clusters to build up a
favourable environment for their technology. This increases the chances of successful diffusion and adoption of
the technology in society. However, the strategic management literature does not offer advice on how to
strategically build up this supportive external environment. We fill this gap with complementary insights from
the technological innovation systems literature. We introduce the concept of strategic collective system building.
Collective system building describes processes and activities networks of actors can strategically engage in to
collectively build up a favourable environment for their innovative sustainability technology. Furthermore, we
develop a strategy framework for collective system building. To underpin the theoretical analysis empirically,
we conducted a case study in the Dutch smart grids field. The resulting strategy framework consists of four key
areas for strategy making: technology development and optimization, market creation, socio-cultural changes
and coordination. Each of these key strategic areas is composed of a set of system building activities
